Optimized Zinc Uptake from the Aquatic Environment Using Biomass Derived from Lantana Camara L. Stem

Biomass extracted from different plant parts can play a role as a cheap, efficient and ecofriendly adsorbent. In this research, Lantana Camara L. Stem biomass (LSB), a low-cost and useless material, was introduced as efficient biomass for divalent zinc biosorption from aqueous environments. For achieving optimal conditions in the zinc biosorption process, the experimental design was applied by the response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box- Behnken design (BBD) model. Based on the comparison between the measured and predicted amounts, the values of R2 , 2 adj R , and 2pred R in the Zn(II) biosorption model were 0.9960, 0.9887 and 0.9441. The Zn(II) uptake in the experiments, BBD model-based (p-value of Lack-of-Fit term = 0.228 > 0.05), varied from 15.19% to 81.11%. The maximum analyte uptake at a LSBto- Zn(II) ratio of 8:1, synthetic solution pH of 6.5 and residence time of 75 min was predicted at 97.12%. The maximum Z.R.% based on the validation test performed based on the optimal predicted conditions was also obtained at 94.65%, which is 2.5% different from the model’s data amount, confirming the acceptable accuracy of the quadratic model. The LSB, in optimized conditions, as a low-cost biosorbent, can be a suitable candidate with acceptable potential for heavy metals biosorption from aquatic solutions.