Fantastic realm based on Todorov's views in Gogol's Stories (Nevsky Prospekt, Nose and The Overcoat)

Gogol wrote in the midst of the literary tradition of Romanticism and Realism. If fantasy is the characteristic of romanticism and reality is the basis of realism, Gogol's works can be placed between fantasy and reality, which, according to Todorov, is the realm of fantasy. In this article, by studying the realm of fantasy based on Todorov's views, three levels of fantasy are selected from his point of view as elements of analysis. Afterwards, The characteristics of these levels are retrieved in ‘Nevsky Prospekt’, ‘Nose’ and ‘The Overcoat’ stories. In syntactic level the narrator and Language, In Semantic level Animistic descriptions, Synecdoche and Imaginary creatures and in Pragmatic level the midst of dream and reality and narrator's intervention, create fantastic realm. This article explores how to achieve the realm of fantasy in Gogol's stories and introduces methods that have been retrieved according to the characteristics and elements of narrative of them. These methods can be used as a measure of the fantastic realm or a way to create it.