Investigating geopolitical transformation in the Middle East region from the perspective of historical sociology

History expresses the knowledge of social relations, culture and civilization of human society, including a period of human life that has a limited and definite time and place. On the other hand, the science of sociology in connection with history is responsible for the descriptive and analytical explanation of the history of culture and civilization of human society. In the studies of the Middle East, the importance of historical sociology including the specific characteristics of time, place and historical agent in the transformation of the region is considered. The scientific knowledge of all social phenomena, including how and why their emergence, expansion, death and transformation is called sociology. This research has investigated the geopolitical transformation of the Middle East region from a sociological point of view with a descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the research show that there are various identities in the Middle East. There are transnational identities on one side and ethnic and transnational identities on the other. The competition between these identities and the countries' emphasis on each of them has created an interesting set of cooperation, confrontation and conflict.