Suspension of the Concept of 'Unjust':Mirza Qummi's Legal Grounding in Defense ofthe Qajar Monarchy

This research aims to examine the position of the Shiite monarchy in general and the Qajar monarchy, specifically in the thought of Mirza Qummi during the Qajar period. The significance lies in that Shiite scholars of this era, driven by Shiite political/religious assumptions, described political entities in the occultation period with the normative concept of "unjust," which simultaneously involved denigrating and delegitimizing the rule. The historical interpretation of Mirza Qummi's political thought is based on Quentin Skinner's text-reading method. According to this interpretation, it is demonstrated that in conditions where religious differences, particularly Shiism, needed political power for their social survival, Mirza Qummi engaged in a legitimate act of legitimation for the Qajar Shiite refuge rule. In essence, Mirza Qummi aimed to alter the ethical outlook of Shiites (re-description and re-evaluation) towards monarchy. This change in perspective, by eliminating the undesirable application of the concept of an unjust ruler and applying the favorable concept of "Islam's testicles" to the monarchy apparatus, was initiated him. In other words, Mirza Qummi took the initiative to redefine the application of the term "Islam's testicles" and apply it to the "Shiite refuge kingship," thereby legitimizing the monarchy in Shiite society.