Arctic amplification and its impact on weather patterns in Southwest and West Asia

The rate of disproportionate temperature increases in the Arctic relative to the global average is called Arctic amplification. The purpose of this study is to investigate these effects in Southwest and West Asia, longitude 20-70 degrees east and latitude 20-60 degrees north. To this end, the reanalysis data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), version ERA-5, with a horizontal resolution of 0.25 × 0.25 degrees in the period 1959-2021 was used. The periods before and after the rapid warming of the Arctic were considered to be 1959-1985 and 1995-2021, respectively. The analysis of weather temperature variance indicated that the variability of temperature near the earth surface in the Arctic has decreased in the period after the rapid warming of the Arctic in the all seasons, which can be due to the increased volume of ocean water due to the loss of the sea ice extent in this region. The impact of the rapid warming of the Arctic on the weather patterns in Southwest and West Asia was also investigated. The results showed that due to the rapid warming of the Arctic, the meridional range of the lines of equal value in the geopotential height of 500 Hectopascal in the studied area has increased by 4 degrees in the summer season and in other seasons other than winter, an increase in the amplitude of the waves and a change in the location of the waves to higher heights were observed. It was also observed that the jet stream speed in the period after the rapid warming of the Arctic has decreased the most in the summer season, except for the autumn season. It has almost decreased in the other seasons. These changes can result in an increased frequency of extreme weather events, especially in the summer season.