A Case Report of Anaphylactic Shock During Caesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia

Anaphylaxis is an acute multi-organ dysfunction syndrome produced by the immunogenic release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils. This complication is typically a result of medications or substances used during surgery and can have fatal consequences.

A 41-year-old woman underwent spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. After the delivery of the fetus and clamping of the umbilical cord, 5 units of oxytocin were injected intravenously and 25 units were infused. All infusions were stopped when the patient complained of swollen lips, periorbital edema, and skin rashes. Subsequently, the patient experienced agitation, decreased SPO2, respiratory distress, and loss of peripheral pulses and was subjected to tracheal intubation. Subsequently, the patient developed ventricular tachycardia, and immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated. The patient was cared for until the improvement of respiratory and hemodynamic status. After  extubation, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit and discharged after 24 days of treatment with improved condition.

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening reaction in a pregnant mother, but its complications in the mother and neonate can be prevented through interdisciplinary cooperation, rapid diagnosis, and treatment.