The Effect of Different Final Irrigation Techniques on Apical Extrusion of Irrigation Solution and Debris

Various stimuli may be extruded from the apical foramen and can harm the periapical tissue. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of different final irrigation methods on the extrusion of debris and irrigation solution from the apical foramen.

Method and Materials: 

This experimental in-vitro study was performed on 44 mesiobuccal root canals of extracted human maxillary and mandibular teeth with a curvature of less than 25 degrees. First, they were randomly divided into four equal groups, including flat open end, side vented, bevel, and ultrasonic system. Then a cube of standard floral foam, with normal dimensions, was attached to each sample to simulate a partial resistance of periapical tissue. The amount of debris and solution extruded from the apical foramen was measured by weighing these floral foam cubes. Differences in extrusion of debris and detergent solution between experimental groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.

Based on the obtained results, in the ultrasonic group, the difference in the weight of the extruded debris with the flat open needle group and the side vent needle group was significant ( P<0.001). In the open-end needle group, the difference in the weight of the extruded debris with the ultrasonic group, the bevel group, and the side vent needle group showed a statistically significant difference ( P<0.001).

According to the findings of the present study, the amount of extruded debris and solution from the lowest to the highest belonged to the irrigation with the one-sided needle, bevel, ultrasonic, and flat-open needle.