A Critical Sociological Analysis of Ashura Uprising From the View point of Imam Hossein.

Ashura incident is one of the most important events in the Islamic world, especially in the Shiite sphere, which has left many effects. No event has such a widespread realm in the mental geography of Muslims, especially the Shiites. Despite its broad realm, Ashura incident has been reduced to 10th day of Muharram and less attention has been paid to its backgrounds, causes for origination and consequences. Therefore, paying attention to the various aspects of Ashura incident is important. Although many thinkers have studied and analyzed Ashura, the scientific studies deal with the pathology of the event with an ‘external critique’ approach, less analyzing it with an ‘internal critique’ approach from Imam Hussein’s viewpoint. Therefore, here, the writer – inspired by the analytical model of ‘internal critique’ of Frankfort school – has investigated the desired situation, the existing situation, the reasons for degradation, and the ways for promotion from Imam Hussein’s viewpoint, and has explored the key words based on ‘collocation analysis’ to compare the four political, economic, social and cultural spheres. The results of the study show that Imam Hussein believes in ‘centrality’ of political system. With the change of rule-governed prophetic government into Umayyad despotic government, due to laxity of the religious elites, there came about changes in other spheres as well. The concept of “kind father” as opposed to “spiteful tyrant”, “public treasury” opposed to “rulers’ privileges”, “people’s equality” opposed to “people’s slavery”, and “Book-centrality” opposed to “rulers’ desires” show the transformation of the prophetic government into Umayyad government in the four political, economic, social and cultural sub-systems. The way to growth and guidance was granting blood by the elites such as Imam Hussein.