Application of smart materials for textile: a review

The progress and improvement of human societies caused extensive changes and transformations in materials and their artifacts and led to the emergence of smart materials as a turning point in the course of developments. The range of use of smart materials in the textile industry is very noticeable and extensive research has been done in this field, which finally led to the introduction of smart textiles to the consumer market. The main purpose of this research is the Introduction and classification of smart materials applied in textiles. In this regard, first The theoretical foundations of smart materials are presented, and then their classification from different points of view. These materials are divided into three categories in common models such as the biological model(sensors/nerves and afferent neurons), operators (muscles) and processors (brain), or the structural model (sensory or passive, pragmatic or active, and intelligent or adaptive). But in the present research, in order to be more consistent with textiles a practical model was introduced, which divides smart materials into two categories: practical responders or energy converters, and all smart materials were categorized under them. For each material, a practical example or one related to textiles was given. It was concluded that the applied model is more convergent than the existing models with textiles. On the other hand, it was found that the growth of smart textiles continues at an increasing pace, although in some areas, there is still a need for more research and experience.