The threat of Salmonella in soil and the necessity of its continuous tracking with novel diagnostic approaches

Salmonella is a common and persistent pathogen in soil environments, posing a significant threat to safe food production worldwide. Given the vital role of soil in agriculture, it is crucial to be cautious about the spread of Salmonella in soil and to employ effective methods for its detection and control. The increasing prevalence of Salmonella can be attributed to the rapid expansion of agriculture and industry, leading to the contamination of fertilizers and water sources with the bacterium. The survival of Salmonella in soil is influenced by various physical, chemical, and biological factors, leading to the continuous colonization of plant organs. Consequently, given the importance of healthy agricultural products, there is an increasing demand for new methods to investigate and identify bacteria in these foods. Several techniques exist for the identification of harmful bacteria in soil. However, using nanosensors as an advanced tool for bacterial detection is very promising, as it can effectively overcome the limitations of other methods. This review study examines the mechanisms of Salmonella contamination in soil and its interaction with plants, highlighting the importance of using biosensors for faster and more accurate detection of this bacterium in soil.