A Case Report on Pneumocephalus That Occurred Following an Epidural Ozone Injection During Percutaneous Lumbar Disc Decompression Surgery

Spinal decompression is a common procedure in spinal, neurosurgery, and orthopedic surgery. While there are a number of known complications associated with it, pneumocephalus (air in the brain) is generally not a recognized complication postoperatively. However, in rare cases, it can occur as a result of spinal decompression surgery. We describe a case of a 54-year-old female patient who developed pneumocephalus following percutaneous lumbar disc decompression surgery of the lumbar spine. The patient presented to the emergency department 3 hours after discharge with severe restlessness, cognitive impairment, nausea, vomiting, and lack of balance. During symptomatic treatment in the emergency department and 1 hour after taking oxygen, the patient’s vital signs improved. Before discharge, a computed tomography (CT) scan was taken again, which showed the disappearance of radiological symptoms. The patient was discharged 12 hours after hospitalization with suitable clinical conditions. Obtaining urgent imaging tests (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] or CT) at the cranial and spinal levels, along with an electroencephalogram, allows us to diagnose the problem and determine the appropriate course of treatment, whether pharmacological or surgical.