A Reexamination of Hujjat al-Islam Kousha's Qur'an Translation and its Two Defenses

This paper takes a fresh look at the Qur'an translation by Mr. Mohammad Ali Kousha and also briefly examines two defenses of it. The defenses are initially reviewed in general, followed by an examination of ten pages of Mr. Kousha's Qur'an translation, confirming and reiterating the results of the initial article that his translation requires serious reconsideration and fundamental revision both in form and content. Numerous shortcomings such as methodological errors, incorrect citation of hadith, inaccuracies in translation, imprecision in footnotes, failure to utilize the intricacies and capabilities of the Persian language, inconsistency in translating similar phrases, fluctuation in translation language between standard prose and literary prose, excessive adherence to the text resulting in a translation with the taste and scent of translation, and ultimately, failure to mention meanings and other grammatical aspects of words and phrases in necessary cases, are among the issues discussed in detail in this article.