The Effect of Natural Materials-Based Climate Adaptation Techniques on Thermal Comfort in the Vernacular Architecture of Sistan, Iran

Adjusting indoor environment so as to provide thermal comfort is a matter of utmost importance in architecture. Despite the remarkable achievements so far made, the main challenge is to provide thermal comfort in buildings through minimum use of fossil fuels. In hot and dry climates, this is especially important during the hot period of the year. As the people in Sistan, a region in southeastern Iran characterized by a hot and dry climate, are from low-income families unable to afford any modern building materials and techniques, they resort to natural materials and adaptive techniques to achieve thermal comfort. This fact justifies inquiring into the effect of the local vernacular architecture, which relies on natural materials and indigenous climate adaptation techniques, on thermal comfort and energy saving. Accordingly, this study aimed at analyzing natural materials and adaptive techniques and their roles in providing summer thermal comfort in indoor spaces of the region. To this end, a typical building was selected while identifying the dominant types of vernacular architecture in Sistan. Quantitative analysis was then conducted to analyze the roles and effects of natural materials-based adaptive techniques like Dorche, Kolak and Khaarkhaneh1 , which help provide thermal comfort in specific situations. In light of the obtained results, indoor environmental parameters of the regional vernacular architecture fail to meet the thermal comfort zone in very hot days. However, adaptive techniques hinging on natural materials and ventilation has the potential to make indoor thermal parameters tolerable at different times of the day in such periods. This will result in residents’ increased thermal comfort, which will in turn reduce the amount of energy consumption.