Analysis of the quality of life in the outskirts of the city (case study of Rasht city)

The quality of life is a scientific term, a concept for examining how to meet human needs, as well as a measure for understanding the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of individuals and groups from different aspects of life. Therefore, recent researches and studies on the quality of life are focused on the main method in the first methodology, measurable social and economic indicators are used to determine the amount and how to meet human needs, and in the second methodology, based on the personal reports of people from their life experiences that it is called subjective life and their level of satisfaction is investigated. What are called objective indicators of quality of life are generally focused on social and economic variables, but subjective indicators of quality of life are based on information obtained from personal reports. They focus on thepersonal reports of people from their life experiences and are actually complementary to social and economic indicators.However, in the field of quality of life, both methodologies have their own views, and the use of each point of view is also accompanied by limitations, because the quality of life is greatly affected by time and geographical location, and the components and factors that make up the quality of life depend on them. Therefore, the quality of life is a multifaceted concept. It is relative, and affected by time and place, and individual and social values that have objective and external dimensions on the one hand and mental and internal dimensions on the other hand. Therefore, it is not easy to provide a comprehensive definition for it.

From the viewpoint of application, the present research is considered as a descriptive and analytical research, which was conducted as a survey and in order to analyze the quality of life in the outskirts of Rasht city. Descriptive and inferential methods have been used to examine and analyze the data in this research. In this research, the normality of the data was checked first, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. Since the significance level obtained was much greater than 0.05 and showed a value of 0.693, it was determined that the data were normal, so the parametric T test was used using Spss software to analyze the data. The research tool in the present study was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to check its validity and reliability from the point of view of professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha test was used. The statistical population of the present study includes heads of households living in 16 marginal and informal neighborhoods of Rasht city, which is estimated at 82,604 people. The sample size of the study, which was calculated using Cochran's formula and considering the error percentage of 0.05, was determined to be 382 people.

The number of items examined in physical indicators are 8; The average level of residents' satisfaction is equal to 24. Using t-test, the average satisfaction of the residents in the physical dimension has been investigated. The results of the test showed that the level of quality of life in the physical dimension is lower than the average level, but this level is close to the average level. This relationship was calculated with the average response of the residents to the value of 23.486 and a significance level of 0.000.The items examined in the socio-cultural factors are 14, and the average level of residents' satisfaction is 42. which has investigated the average satisfaction of the residents using the t-test. The results of the test showed that the quality of life in the social dimension in the target areas is at a low level. This relationship is confirmed by the average response of the residents to the value of 32.613 and the significance level is 0.000.In environmental indicators the number of examined items are 4; The average level of satisfaction of the residents is equal to 12. Using t-test, the average satisfaction of the residents in the environmental dimension has been investigated. The results of the test showed that the level of quality of life in the environmental dimension is also at a low level in the neighborhoods, just like the other investigated dimensions. This relationship is confirmed by the average response of the residents to the value of 9.285 and the significance level is 0.000.In spiritual-emotional factors the number of examined items are 4; The average level of satisfaction of the residents is equal to 12. Using t-test, the average satisfaction of the residents in the mental-emotional dimension was investigated as the last item. The results of the test showed that the quality of life in the spiritual-emotional dimension in the neighborhood is at an average level of satisfaction. This relationship was confirmed with the average response of residents to the value of 11.496 and significance level of 0.000.

The results of this research showed that in the physical dimension, the life quality of the residents of the peripheral neighborhoods in Rasht city is not suitable, and this finding is in line with the findings of Sharma and Abhai (2022), Bandijai and Bencherif (2022), and Razmiarak et al (2022).In the economic dimension of the quality of life, the residents of the suburbs of Rasht city did not have a good quality and the level of the quality of life in the economic dimension is also at a low level in the neighborhoods in question. This finding is in line with the findings of Smith et al. (2022) and Christensen et al. (2022).This research showed that in the socio-cultural dimension, the quality of life of the residents of the suburbs of Rasht city does not have a suitable situation and the level of quality of life in the social dimension is at a low level. And this finding is in line with the findings of Spina et al. (2021) and Grabuska (2021).