An Analyses on Cultural Landscape of Ferdows/Toon on Base of Its Historical and Archaeological Context in late Sassanid? and Early Islamic Centuries

The role of Toon in Qohestan, as a part of transportation route between southeast and central Iran with Greater Khorasan, and its industrial and commercial role in Greater Khorasan’s sense with all of its challenges, in Historical and Archaeological studies, is very important. This paper tries to understand the cultural Landscape of Toon on the base of Historical documents and Stratigraphic Archaeological Evidences. Therefore, this paper follows answering two main Questions: in the historical aspect, how the landscape of Toon is understandable in historical and Geographical documents, considering the historical context of these documents. On the other side, in the Archaeological aspect, the main question is how stratigraphic evidence can help us to understand the landscape of Toon in the Islamic era. Historical documents and Archaeological Evidence have been reviewed and interpreted based on their contexts. Results of historical and Archeological interpretations, all to gather about Cultural landscape of Toon can help us to achieve to the goal of this paper. This research’s nature fundamental and its approach is descriptive-interpretive to the historical documents and archaeological evidence. Cultural landscape of Toon along Islamic era in historical documents described as a city with Arg, which has used Qanats as the main water source and has its own importance in production of crops and Carpet. Study of Archaeological Stratigraphic Evidence shows wide interactions of Toon in different periods of Islamic era and its industrial importance in production of some artifacts such as Pottery and Metal works.