Exploring Symbolic Signs in the Narrative of “Buddha's Encounter with Mara”: A Theravada Perspective in Buddhist Texts

The metaphorical and symbolic aspects of the narrative "Buddha's Encounter with Mara" in Buddhist texts demonstrate its richness in mystical-mythological symbols and metaphors, highlighting the narrative's dynamic nature and the potential for various interpretations for audiences at different stages. In this narrative, Buddha's symbolic battle with Mara serves as a method of suluk (mystical journey), offering inspiring and practical approaches and solutions for Buddhist seekers in their pursuit of Bodhi (enlightenment and spiritual awakening). The present study delves into the symbolic interpretation of this narrative using an analytical-descriptive approach. It further examines the characteristics of Mara as an obstacle to the Buddhist path while analyzing the dimensions of good and evil in human existence within the Theravada tradition. Additionally, it explores significant symbolic signs in this mythological narrative. The findings reveal that the narrative of Buddha's battle with Mara in Buddhist texts, employing the language of metaphor, portrays the fundamental spiritual challenges faced by a Buddhist man beyond the realm of Buddha's personal life. These texts develop a moral and myth-centered discourse, illustrating the continuous conflict between humanity and the demonic self and representing the dialectical process of this conflict through the Buddhist individual's victory over all temptations of evil and attainment of the ultimate goal of "Nirvana."