A systematic literature review of human resource challenges in the platform economy

Platform workers typically face challenges that are different in nature or severity from those experienced by traditional organizational workers. In order to better understand and support platform workers, the need to identify these challenges and make policies to solve them is strongly felt. Considering the variety of views on these challenges, there is an urgent need to collect and combine research findings to serve as a basis for future discussions. Therefore, this research aims to examine the results of primary studies in platform human resources challenges and analyze, combine, and classify them and provide suggestions. The current research is qualitative research, and a systematic literature review and a meta-synthesis approach were used for a more comprehensive understanding of the research subject. From a total of 875 articles that were counted in the initial search, based on a systematic protocol, 116 articles were analyzed through "Atlas TI8" software. The results showed that the human resources challenges of the platform are placed in three classes of industrial relations (government, employer, and worker), with the most significant amount of challenges in the government class, respectively related to weak social protection of workers' rights, the battle over the classification of workers, weak social justice, weak regulation, the capitalism system, and tax problem in digital work. Also, the most important challenge related to the worker class is job difficulty, and finally, the challenges related to the employer class were also counted, among which the most important challenge is the weakness of human resource systems.