Investigating the Phenotypic Diversity of Vetch (Vicia L.) Genotypes from Different Species Under the Rain-fed Conditions of Maragheh City

Vicia L. is a significant fodder plant, widely affected by drought conditions. This study aimed to identify the phenotypic diversity and select superior vetch genotypes. To this end, 120 vetch genotypes from five species: Vicia ervilia L., Vicia sativa L., Vicia narbonensis L., Vicia dasycarpa L., and Vicia pannonica L. were evaluated under the rain-fed conditions of Maragheh city. Data analysis revealed considerable variation among vetch species genotypes in all studied traits. Grain yield showed a positive and significant correlation with biological yield and the number of days to maturity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) biplot demonstrated clear separation among vetch species. Furthermore, cluster analysis results classified the studied vetch genotypes into two main groups and four subgroups, with genotypes in the third and fourth subgroups exhibiting the highest values for most traits. Genotypes G1, G3, G4, G6, G7, G8, and G12, all belonging to the V. ervilia species, were consistently selected based on the MGIDI and Smith indices. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for the collection, preservation, and utilization of vetch germplasm resources.