Anti-fragility, a new framework for groundwater social-ecological system management

Groundwater management is of great importance for the sustainability of water services. Many approaches have been used for groundwater management. So far there has been no study conducted on the anti-fragility of the social-ecological system (SES) of groundwater. System anti-fragility refers to the process by which the system likes internal and external dynamics and events because it benefits from disruptions and improves its services. The aim of the present research is therefore to provide a conceptual framework for the social-ecological management of groundwater. The research method is as follows: First, the socio-ecological system of groundwater and fragility protection was defined based on the existing principles. The two models of Talib's anti-fragility and social ecology were then linked using the transfer concept. The results of the discussion on the relationship between the two models highlighted the weaknesses associated with the lack of accurate disclosure of the anti-fragility redundancy of groundwater to disturbances. Finally, an antifragile adaptive social-ecological model was constructed with one goal, three species, and three stages in the groundwater system. The purpose includes: eliminating the negative effects of disturbances and risks in the groundwater system, including methods; The energy transfer, function transfer, and element design steps included: (i) determining the effects of the disturbance rather than the disturbance and the risks themselves, (ii) formulating a transfer policy, and (iii) implementing the policy. This article not only expands the literature on groundwater management but also provides an appropriate framework for policymakers and water managers and can be helpful in groundwater planning and management.