A Comparative Study of Administrative Substitution for the Head of State - Country in the Legal System of Iran, the United States and France

The head of state - the country, the highest political and administrative authority in all countries, including the three countries under study (Islamic Republic of Iran, the United States of America and the French Republic) is considered in this article. Since for any official (such as the head of state - country) there may be causes such as death, dismissal or resignation, etc. so that the responsible person cannot perform his duties, in the science of public law a tool called "administrative sponso rship", it is envisaged that in case of administrative sponsorship in order not to leave the position of the responsible person, this tool can be used to fill his position. Thus, the laws of different countries provide for such temporary successors to various political officials, including the head of state. In this article, in a descriptive-analytical manner, we examine the commonalities and differe nces between the causes, the officials elected for tenure, and the limitations of the term of office of the head of state-government in the three countries of Iran, the United States and France, and examine them. The finding of the present article is that there are many problems and shortcomings such as lack of reference for recognizing the temporary incapacity of the Supreme Leader, council leadership sponsorship, lack of specific time limits during the leadership sponsorship and political restrictions for the leadership sponsorship in the administrative sponsorship system. There is a head of state-government in Iran who should be amended or removed by reviewing the Iranian constitution.