Critical Study on the Theory of the Identity of Mind and Body in the Philosophy of Mind with a short comparison with Mulla Sadra's View regarding Relationship between Soul and Body

Talking about soul and body has always been an important topic. The most important issue in this context is how the soul, as a single existence, relates to the body, as a material existence. Various thinkers have proposed theories to solve this problem. In the present article, which is written with a descriptive-analytical method, we have discussed the theory of identity - as one of the most important theories in the philosophy of mind - and the view of Mulla Sadra - one of the most prominent Muslim philosophers. The conclusion of the research is that there are commonalities between these two theories, including the negation of essential dualism and the negation of the combination of a single entity with a material entity and differences, including the acceptance or non-acceptance of the existence of "self", the acceptance or non-acceptance of the singleness of the self, whether it is the same or not (including There is the sameness (a type or example) of each of the physical and mental phenomena, the return (reducibility/deliverability) or non-return (reduction/indeliverability) of mental phenomena to physical phenomena, negation or acceptance of mental causality.