Cognitive and Comparative Analysis of the Maritime Performing Party in the Rotterdam Rules

Usually, in the international transportation of goods, the carrier uses various forms to transport, an important part of which is carried by sea, and this causes to governing the several conventions in the legal relationship between the shipper and the carrier. The Rotterdam rules have been set up with the aim of harmonizing the rules governing transportation which the carriage of goods by sea is the one forms of transporting proccess . The regulations have chosen the "door to door" regime. Persons who performing or undertake  the obligations on behalf of the carrier or under his supervision in the port to port area are the same as the carrier in terms of liability and defense conditions, and these persons are called the maritime performing  party. The possibility of direct action is an improvement in comparing with prior rules. The present research is an attempt to know what is the performing parties and the rules of them