Defect engineering for high efficiency planar solar cell based on triple cation perovskite

The solar cell parameters by combining two organic cations formamidinium (FA) and methylammonium (MA) in site A of triple-cations and double-anions perovskite absorbing layer including Br and I in site x have been investigated by simulation with SCAPS software. First, the defect density of the perovskite layer was changed from 1×1013 to 1×1017 (cm-3) and its effect on the performance of the solar cell was investigated. Then, the thickness of the perovskite absorber layer was changed from 200 to 1200 nm and for the different density of the perovskite layer defects, the manner and extent of the changes in the parameters of the solar cell were observed. In the next step, by changing the defect density of the perovskite/ETL interface from 1×1011 to 2×1013 (cm-3), the capacitor of the interface has increased which has reduced the efficiency and fill factor of the solar cell. Finally, the diffusion length of the carriers (L) has been changed from zero to about 4 μm and with its increase, the functional parameters of the solar cell have increased.