Measuring the spring and autumn fluctuations of land use indices (LULC) using support vector machine (SVM) method and analyzing the correlation relationships of LST with NDBI, MNDWI and NDVI indices (in the Heyran Pass area)

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between LST and LULC in Heyran region. LULC indices consist of normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference of built-up index (NDBI) and modified normalized difference of water index (MNDWI). The area of the studied area is 156.95 square kilometers, out of which in 1401, about 122.7 square kilometers are dedicated to forest area and only 33.2 square kilometers are dedicated to agricultural land. The values of the MNDWI index in the richest region in 2017 had an area equal to 12.27 square kilometers and faced a sharp decrease in 1401 and reached 1.68 square kilometers. Built-up areas (NDBI) increased until 2017 and decreased significantly until 1401. The maximum land surface temperature (LST) has reached from 35.42 degrees Celsius in 2013 to 39.04 degrees Celsius in 1401. The area with a temperature of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius has increased from 67.9 square kilometers to 124 square kilometers. Finally, Pearson correlation relationships showed that NDVI and MNDWI index had a negative correlation with LST index and there was a positive correlation between LST index and NDBI index. The highest positive correlation of 0.77 between LST and NDBI belongs to the spring of 2017, and the highest negative correlation of -0.71 belongs to the MNDWI and LST index, which was registered in the fall of 2017.