Recognizing the Concept of»Judgement«with a Comparative View

The most important Judicial Act are crystallized in the form of "Judgement", but the previous (approved 1939) and current (approved 2000) Civil Procedure Law, as well as other related current laws, despite referring to this judicial act and even its examples in numerous articles, are devoid of any presentation the definition is about this. Therefore, the current research aims to identify the concept of " Judgement" with a descriptive-analytical method and with a comparative view, it examines the existing criteria to answer the question, what is the criterion for recognizing this act? Several criteria, both formal and substantive, have been presented to distinguish judicial acts from other (Administrative) actions in other countries, especially in France, which are the criteria for placing any one of them alone is not the answer to the problem as it should be. On this basis, in this research, while presenting the meaning of "Judgement" from a lexical and idiomatic point of view, we introduce and analyze the aforementioned criteria to reach the selected criteria. The findings of the present research indicate that a judicial act is considered a "Judgement" if it is issued by a judicial authority decisively and with the characteristic of being sued regarding a dispute arising from an uncertain legal situation.