Cross-sectional sociological study of individual demands (social acceptance, self-expression, appearance quality) of cosmetic surgery victims in forensic medical commissions of Tehran province

Today, the body has found a special place as the clearest and most obvious carrier and plays an important role in presenting itself in daily life and interactions. In fact, the body can be considered as an essential aspect of self-presentation, this is the same issue that Bourdieu calls physical capital. Harmful results caused by medical mistakes, in addition to material damage, include spiritual damage such as pain and suffering, emotional damage, loss of special power, loss of life's pleasures, change in the appearance of the human body, sadness and the suffering caused by a person's death for his relatives etc., which is sometimes irreparable, and the compensation of spiritual losses related to therapeutic operations, along with the ambiguities and complexity regarding the way of evaluating and compensating them, legal systems also have a specific method. Medical malpractice increases with the increase of cosmetic surgeries. For this purpose, by examining this research, it is possible to find out what are the individual demands (social acceptance, self-expression and improvement of appearance quality) of the injured and damaged cosmetic surgery patients from the forensic doctor and what most clients evaluate the malpractice in, so that Based on that, he presented a scientific and practical solution to reduce injuries caused to the victims of cosmetic surgery and the Taliban.

In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, the effect of the components of social acceptance, the amount of self-presentation (self-presentation) and the improvement of appearance quality (matching the surgery to the desired model of the patient) with the complaints of people about cosmetic surgery in the structure of forensic medical commissions of Tehran province was examined. All the people studied were cosmetic surgery victims who filed complaints to the Forensic Medicine Commission in 2018 and 2019 and their medical malpractice was confirmed twice. After preparing the list of plaintiffs (980 people), the forensic doctor organization contacted 276 of the plaintiffs who were available and completed the mentioned questionnaire with them. The sample size was calculated according to Morgan's formula. Three components of social acceptance, improvement of appearance quality and self-expression were investigated. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to check the social acceptance, self-expression and improvement of the appearance quality of the participants. SPSS version 22 software was used for data analysis.

The mean age of the patients was 37 years; 18 respondents (6.5%) were male and 258 respondents (93.5%) were female. Regarding the frequency of surgery, 49.6% of the respondents had cosmetic surgery once and 31.9% had cosmetic surgery twice, and the mean number of surgeries was 2 and the maximum was 8 times. The number of complaints among married women and respondents with high education was higher than other groups. Most respondents had liposuction surgery (18.8%) and rhinoplasty (18.1%). The results of the research indicated that there is an inverse and significant relationship between social acceptance (r=-0.364), self-expression (r=-0.271), and appearance quality (r=-0.395). In fact, with the reduction of social acceptance, self-expression, appearance quality (incompatibility of surgery with the patient's wishes), the amount of complaints about surgery also increases.

The decrease in the quality of life and the quality of appearance and the support received after the operation and the incompatibility of people's expectations with the reality and the malpractices in the surgery increase the level of dissatisfaction and complaints, and in this case, the person incurs additional material and emotional costs. Surgery applicants go for cosmetic surgery with the aim of achieving a better life and appearance and achieving their dreams. As the results also show, the life situation of the plaintiffs has worsened after the surgery, and besides the cost of reconstructive and care surgeries, the person also loses his previous position in work or family life and suffers more mental and spiritual damage. See that this cannot be compensated at any cost. A significant part of the complaint is due to the failure to achieve individual demands, and individual demands were both a reason for the trend towards cosmetic surgery and a factor in increasing the complaints of the injured. Most of the respondents find popularity, acceptability, approval and social acceptance from family, friends, peers and society and improve their living conditions and achieve better life and career opportunities and attract others and find social respect and dignity and present a favorable image and representation. The special image is based on the advertising criteria of cosmetic surgery. According to the results of the study, the three components of individual demands, including social acceptance, self-expression, and improvement of appearance quality, are important predictors for complaints about cosmetic surgery, so with the increase of each component of individual demands, the probability of complaints after cosmetic surgery decreases, and vice versa. It is better to consider some measures in future studies in this regardin including developing coherent indices in the country to measure the complaints and demands of cosmetic surgery victims, to access the file of complaints. Lack of cultural perspectives and the roadmap of cultural organizations in recognizing and introducing the amount of cosmetic surgery and medical malpractice (number malpractice and physisians with malpractice cases and causes) should be resolved.