The Impact of Surface Runoff Management on Sustainable Development Trends in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Water energy resources, besides being considered the most vital element for the continuation of human life, are also at the heart of the sustainable development process of various contemporary societies, including Iran. They are regarded as fundamental pillars of social, economic, and environmental development, serving as the most important and key element in human life necessities and playing a crucial role in political, economic, and cultural interactions, as well as in the sustainability of the development process. The research method of the present study is based on library-analytical studies and is applied in terms of its purpose. Management of urban and rural runoff includes the control of wasted and excessive water flow and the improvement of water supply and drainage networks; systems for collecting and controlling surface waters resulting from rainfall are important components of planning and development in urban and non-urban areas, and any negligence in their proper design can cause problems for urban communities. Lack of attention to this can lead to some significant challenges in the path of the country's sustainable development. The research results indicate that the control and management of surface runoff through the expansion of dam industries and downstream dam industries, as well as the creation of green spaces and forest and plant coverings, and the implementation of a set of measures in watershed management, such as the construction of barriers like levees, have a significant impact on enhancing the country's sustainable development.