Uncertainty Analysis of Seepage in Nonhomogeneous Earth Dam considering the Impacts of Dynamic Loading using the Fuzzy Finite Element Method (FFEM)

In general, earth dams are subjected to both static and dynamic loads, such as earthquakes. Previous research has focused on dam seepage modeling without considering the effects of dynamic loads on the porous medium. To address this issue, a code was developed using the FORTRAN programming language to solve the coupled u-p equations for the Downstream San Fernando dam (DSFD). The dynamic force variables, including frequency (f), amplitude (A), and Arias intensity coefficient (AI), were considered fuzzy variables. Additionally, the Buttress-Hatami (BH) model was utilized for loading, where the Arias intensity factor (AI) was used to express the dynamic energy in the structure. The results indicate that in the dynamic-fuzzy model, an increase in the AI coefficient from 0.1 to 1 in the Batras-Hatami model leads to a 2.8-fold increase in the range of flow changes in the dam foundation. Furthermore, in the range of 12.1-16.5 Hz, with an increase in frequency (f), the values of peak flow rate (PSD) in both the foundation and body parts are closer to their value in the static state.