Long Non-Coding RNAs Induce Fatty Liver during Developmental Stages in Laying Hen

Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) is common in poultry. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression in a variety of ways at epigenetic, chromatin remodeling, transcriptional, and translational levels. Chicken liver produces lipoproteins and most of the precursors to egg yolk with the help of RNA such as MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and lncRNAs. In order to analyze lncRNAs in liver, RNA-seq data of six samples were downloaded from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) (3 birds with fatty livers from the paternal group and 3 control birds).Then, using the DESeq2 package, the difference in expression of lncRNAs in the samples was analyzed. Functional enrichment analysis was established by STRING and the PPI network visualized by Cytoscape. Annotation of the data was carried out by DAVID 6.8. The biological pathways were searched in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The results of the analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) showed that there were 24356 annotated genes. Also, 101 lncRNAs were found. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis suggested that DEGs significantly enriched in metallocarboxypeptidase activity, protein ubiquitination, etc. KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEGs related with biosynthesis of antibiotics and biosynthesis of amino acids (P< 0.05). Examination of gene loci revealed that the expression process of GCGR, PDK3 and PCK1 genes was in line with the expression of neighboring lncRNAs. Examination of this number of lncRNAs along with their target genes can help in selecting laying hen lines with less chance of developing fatty livers.