Critical discourse analysis of Najib Al-Kilani's novel " Ras al-Shaitan" based on "Norman Fairclough" theory

Critical discourse analysis as an interdisciplinary approach is one of the important theories in the field of discourse analysis. This method, which is used in the analysis of literary texts in addition to studying social issues, is rooted in critical linguistics. One of the most famous theories among various types of discourse analysis is Norman Fairclough's theory of critical discourse analysis, which pays special attention to its situational and political context in addition to linguistic issues. In his critical analysis on three levels, Fairclough examines the description and interpretation of the interaction between context and discourse and explains how the two-way influence of social structure and discourse. The present study investigates the three levels of critical discourse of Najib Al-Kilani's novel Ras al-Shaitan by descriptive-analytical method and using Fairclough's theory of critical discourse analysis in orderto explain the author's desired ideology and discourse. The results of the research show that NajibAl-Kilani has expressed his point of view in this story by using the function of words and the semantic relationships between them, news and positiveverbs, and the use of metaphorical sentences. On the other hand, by taking advantage of intertextuality and recalling Quranic texts and Islamic themes, it seeks to explain the path of struggle and being steadfast in it. With a combative discourse, Kilani expresses themes such as standing against oppression and freedom, and by strengthening the spirit of struggle, he seeks to instill his own ideology and concepts such as achieving independence, freedom and standing against oppressive rulers.