Antiepileptic Medication-induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions in Hospitalized Children: A Retrospective Study

Message:
Article Type:
Research/Original Article (دارای رتبه معتبر)
Abstract:
Background

There are limited data on severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) associated with antiepileptic medications. The current study aims to investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of antiepileptic medication-induced SCARs in hospitalized children.

Materials and Methods

The current five-year retrospective study was conducted at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. This study included all children with a definite diagnosis of SCARs secondary to the use of antiepileptic medications based on the world health organization (WHO) definition. In our study SCARs were categorized into three fields: Hypersensitivity syndrome, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).

Results

Among 259 children with SCARs induced by antiepileptic medications, 199 (76.83%), 42 (16.22%), and 18 (6.95%) had hypersensitivity syndrome, DRESS, and SJS/TEN, respectively. Phenobarbital was the most common offending drug in all types of SCARs. The multinomial logistic regression model revealed that lymphadenopathy increased the occurrence of DRESS by 35 times compared to hypersensitivity syndrome (P < 0.001). Girls were at risk of SJS/TEN approximately 6 times more than boys (P = 0.027). Age (P = 0.021), weight (P = 0.036), and mucosal involvement (P < 0.001) affected the hospitalization duration in children with SCARs related to antiepileptic medication.

Conclusion

There are some similarities and differences in the clinical and epidemiological features of Iranian children suffering from antiepileptic medication-induced SCARs.

Language:
English
Published:
Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume:23 Issue: 2, Apr 2024
Pages:
139 to 148
https://magiran.com/p2718872