Investigation of the effects of nanozeolite in the in ovo injection method on the toxicity of the embryo and congenital abnormalities in chicks: A perspective on Histopathology and immunohistochemistry

Zeolites are crystal structures that have a porous structure and are able to absorb and release substances. In veterinary medicine, zeolites are used as animal feed additives, fishpond ammonia purification, pet odor and moisture control, absorption of mycotoxins and reduction of intestinal pathogens. This research was designed to investigate possible histopathological lesions in the liver and kidney of chickens. 80 fertilized eggs were prepared from Ras 308 chickens and randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 (one control group and three experimental groups). In the control group, 0.3 ml of physiological serum was injected, and in the experimental groups, 0.3 ml of nanozeolite solution (5, 10 and 100 mg/liter) was injected into the air sac of the egg. Then eggs were placed in the hatchery machine and at the end of the 20th day of incubation, liver and kidney samples were taken from the embryos. The histopathological results of the kidney, the group receiving zeolite nanoparticles with a dose of 100 mg/kg had a significant difference with the rest of the groups in terms of pathological symptoms (P<0.05). It was shown that different concentrations of zeolite nanoparticles had an effect on fetal liver tissue and the pathological changes of liver tissue increased with increasing dose (P<0.05). In the immunohistochemistry analysis, no significant difference was observed between the treatment groups with zeolite nanoparticles and the control group (P>0.05). The results of this study showed that excessive use of zeolite nanoparticles in various industries may have long-term harmful effects on living organisms.