The Crime of Racial Discrimination: Perspectives from Islamic Jurisprudence and International Criminal Law

Racial discrimination, in a broad sense, involves the assertion of superiority of certain individuals over others based on their race. This phenomenon is examined across various disciplines, including politics, sociology, law, psychology, and ethics. Using a descriptive-analytical method and documentary analysis, this research explores the crime of racial discrimination from the viewpoints of Islamic jurisprudence and international criminal law.   The article begins by separately investigating the foundational principles prohibiting racial discrimination in Islamic jurisprudence and international criminal law. Subsequently, it delves into the constituent elements of the crime, namely the legal, material, and spiritual elements. Each element's components are scrutinized in connection with racial discrimination from both the perspectives of international criminal law and Islamic jurisprudence.   The punishment of the perpetrator is the concluding aspect of this exploration into criminal incidents. The article addresses the implementation of the crime of racial discrimination, discussing the guaranteeing of its enforcement in international criminal law and Islamic jurisprudence concerning those who commit the crime of discrimination. Finally, a comparative evaluation of the differences and similarities in the treatment of the crime of racial discrimination in Islamic jurisprudence and international criminal law is presented.