Civilizational transition and the components of exit from it

"Civilizational transition" as a stage of the process of civilizational movement, has a fundamental role in the creation and prosperity of civilization or its decline and fall. The result of this period is the fundamental changes in the civilizational situation and its entry into a new stage of the civilizational movement; so This article tries to answer the question about the nature of the "civilizational transition" period, its importance, traits, coordinates and ways of exit from it. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to explain the four concepts of "transition factors", "civilizational conflict and competition", "types of transition" and "transition components". Based on the descriptive-analytical method, the period of "civilizational transition" based on two theories of "civilizational periods" and "civilizational encounter" is investigated؛ in the first theory, transition is a stage of the forced process of the rise or fall of civilization. The second theory considers civilization and the transition of civilization to be the result of the response of the creative minority in facing the existing problems. The most important research findings are:1- In the term of social sciences, the concept of "transition" and "society in transition" indicates the characteristics of the society in transition from the state of "tradition" to "modernity". The most important feature of the transitional period is the emergence of challenges and problems in all areas and elements of society.2- Transition factors are events, phenomena, issues and dilemmas that significantly challenge the order governing the existing situation of the society, so that it requires the sensitivity and appropriate response of the elites. Two natural and human factors play a role in creating this period; the first category is geographical and environmental factors, but the second category is about the role of man and his powers in establishing civilization.3- Civilization transition is divided into two types, positive and negative. These two types can be explained in the form of three key categories: "causes of the rise and fall of civilizations", "civilizational turning points" and having a "civilizational movement horizon". The basic component that gives meaning to the investigation of the transition period in the light of civilizational milestones and the causes of the rise and fall of civilizations is having a "civilizational movement horizon".4- Finally another concept related to the transition period is "transition components" which refers to the public, governmental and elite arrangements in the transition to the desired civilizational and social situation. The »Challenge and Response« theory considers the basis of civilization and civilizational phenomena to be the response and reaction of the elite minority to the disturbances in their life and social situation. Therefore, the ability to choose that is available to man can save him from the disaster of collapse. According to this theory, the transition period is not simply the linear course of the rise or fall of civilization, and it is not dependent on the progress or decline of civilization, and it is the choice and action of man that determines the future of the fall or progress of civilization.; Therefore, with future visioning, policy making, planning and proper management of affairs in transition conditions, it is possible to establish a desirable state of civilization. This will be possible in the form of two groups of "theoretical components" and "structural components" of the transition period. The meaning of theoretical components is the need for change and transformation and refinement in the theoretical and intellectual foundations of society. Because the new civilizational conditions require appropriate theoretical and practical exposure. Religious attitude, morality, rationality and having a civilization perspective are the most important of these components. The meaning of structural components is the formation of an efficient governance based on culture and civilizational thought; here, the focus of attention is the government and effective systems in the civilizational movement. Efficient governance and knowledge institutions are two central factors in the desired civilizational transition.