Geoconservation Survey of the Eastern Colombian Geosites Based on Geocientific and Scenic Interest

Colombia boasts extensive geodiversity thanks to complex geological processes that have shaped its landscape over geological time. The eastern region of the country is characterized by ancient rock formations, covered by a substantial layer of sediments, influenced by tectonic and erosive forces. These forces have given rise to unique geoforms that qualify as geosites. Thirteen sites were identified based on their geological context, accessibility, visibility, and tourism potential, by assessing their geoscientific and scenic interest. A methodology was applied, drawing from various experts in Geological Heritage both in Colombia and globally. Geosites in the east of Colombia encompass geological outcrops, structures, mountain ranges, reservoirs, karst formations, waterfalls, and archaeological and mining sites, all of significant geoscientific, educational, and scenic value. Each site was rated on a scale of 1 (low) to 3 (high), resulting in an average scientific value of 2.42, indicating a moderate to high geoconservation value. Geosites with the highest geoconservation rating (3) include the Structural Slopes of Guateque, El Encanto Hot Springs, Upín Salt Flats, Cerro Azul and the Orión Gate. The Mountain Ranges of San Luis de Gaceno, karstic dissolution sinkholes, and the Pink Plants of Tranquilandia fall into the moderate to high-value category (rated at 2.5). Other sites, such as the Eroded and Stepped Escarpments of Las Juntas, La Esmeralda Reservoir (Chivor), Sedimentary Slabs of Guejar River, Sandstone Tables, and the Love’s Waterfall, also hold geological importance. We recommend implementing geoconservation policies for these geosites to preserve and develop them, taking into account their considerable geotourism potential. These efforts should be carried out with a keen awareness of the current resource usage and land management practices to ensure a sustainable strategy.