Short-term and long-term effects of the technology gap on trade between Iran's agricultural sector and trading partner countries

AbstractThe agricultural sector in Iran, for reasons such as currency exchange, food security, etc., in comparison with other economic sectors of the country has a significant role in the economic field. But production in this sector is constantly in an unstable and difficult situation. The gap in technological progress can be one of the most important determinants of bilateral trade and economic growth between countries, and technology can be used as a way to reduce risks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the short-term and long-term effects of the technology gap on trade between Iran's agricultural sector and trading countries. For this purpose, based on the gravity model and using the ARDL method in the panel data, the research problem was investigated. In this regard, data from 57 Iranian trading partners in the agricultural sector for the period 2001 to 2018 were collected. The results of the research based on the four indicators of total technology gap, research and development costs,