Flood risk assessment of 2019 in Aqqala City using remote sensing and multi-criteria decision analysis models

Flood is considered one of the most destructive natural hazards in the world, which causes a lot of damage all over the world every year. In Iran, due to special climatic conditions, the distribution of rainfall in terms of temporal and spatial conditions does not have a specific rhythm. Today, satellite images are one of the fastest and most accurate tools for flood monitoring. Therefore, in the present study, the spring flood map of 2019 Aqqala City was prepared using Landsat-8 images, and then, using the combined AHP-OWA model. The flood risk map was prepared in four classes: "high risk", "medium risk", "low frisk" and "no risk". Based on the gained results, the northern and northeastern parts of this region are detected as high flood risk, and the western and southern parts are in low and no flood risk conditions. Also, the 2019 spring flood of this region involved two parts the northern and southern. In terms of flood severity, most water accumulation was in the northern parts, but the severity of the damage was in the southern and northern parts. Due to the high density of land uses in the southern parts, the flood event in this part destroyed many agricultural, vegetation and residential lands. But in the northern parts, due to the large extent of barren lands and the low density of other land uses such as agriculture, residential and vegetation, the flood caused more damage to the barren lands. In general, based on the obtained results, the AHP-OWA model is considered one of the most effective models for flood risk studies.