Evaluation of the ecological footprint of fossil fuel carbon dioxide gas The city of bostanabad

Today, cities are considered one of the most important centers in the consumption of resources and energy and the producer of air pollutants, especially greenhouse gases, due to their population density and all kinds of social and economic activities, so that cities around the world consume about three-quarters of the natural resources needed by the world.Energy is a vital resource needed in industrial and agricultural production, transportation, human quality of life, etc.In recent decades, environmental challenges and problemsaboutenergy have become one of human concerns.Due to human activities such as: Fossil fuelconsumption, deforestation and environmental degradation, greenhouse gas volumes in the atmosphere have increased, and global temperatures have increased day by day. Among greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide accounts for about 60 percent of all greenhouse gases and has the greatest impact on global warming. 81% of all greenhouse gases are also obtained from fossil fuel consumption, which increases carbon dioxide emissions and other pollutants, including suspended particles, and ultimately leads to climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels in various forms of Road Transport include: cars, trucks, motorcycles and buses. 60% of the traffic is caused by "cars, motorcycles and buses" and the remaining 40% of the road transport is "trucks". According to the World Bank, in 2020 between Southeast Asian countries, Indonesia became one of the largest carbon emitters in the Asia-Pacific region with 590 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions, ranking second in Malaysia.In this regard, to determine the extent of the impacts on the environment, the most important and comprehensive quantitative indicator presented among the indicators of Sustainable Development Evaluation in this field are the indicators of "ecological footprint and carbon footprint", developed two decades ago by William Rees and Dr. Mattis walkernagel. Currently, Iran's ecological footprint is 22/3, and while the biological capacity is 74/0, we are facing an ecological deficit equivalent to 48/2, which shows the deterioration of the environmental situation and theexcessiveexploitation of Natural Resources and the pressure on the environment. Iran is also the sixth largest greenhouse gasproducer in the world, relying on non-renewable sources for energy consumption, which has led toincreased emissions and bio-deficits. Forests are important in keeping carbon outside its natural cycle for a long time. So the best way to stop the increase in carbon can be to create the right forests, because on a global scale, forests are the largest carbon dioxide absorber on the rise. Numerous internal and external research has been conducted on ecological footprints, which, according to the results obtained from them, have mostly faced a lack of green space compared to this type of gas . today, cities are exposed to a variety ofenvironmental pollution such as soil, air, water, etc. due to the increase in population, and have put more pressure on life support systems than their capacity. One of the most important of these pollutants is the pollution caused by fossil fuels, which are mostly consumed in transportation or in factories. Due to theincrease in the use of fossil fuels in cities, the volume of carbon dioxide gas, one of the most importantgreenhouse gases, has increased, negatively changing the climate of cities or the climate of the country in general. One of the most fundamental ways to sustain the urban environment and deal with the pollution crisis is to protect and develop urban green spaces. Because the ecological footprint of carbon dioxide gas is a part of the forest that is needed to stop this type of gas emitted from fossil fuel. Bostanabad is a city in the East Azerbaijan province, located 45 kilometers east of Tabriz on the transit route of Tabriz-Mia and Tabriz-Sarab and Ardabil، In recent years, this has led to trucking and transportation services being ranked among the most deliberate businesses in the city. It is located between Tabriz and middle cities and is geographically located between 46 degrees 30 minutes and 47 degrees 14 minutes east longitude and 37 degrees 32 minutes and 38 degrees 4 minutes north latitude. The area of the city is 997/2794 square kilometers, which accounts for 6/4 percent compared to the total area of the province. The city today consists of four historical neighborhoods called skikand, bostanabad Aliya and bostanabad sefli and Kara-Kure, each of which was an independent village in the not-so-distant past. Increasing emissions of carbon dioxide as the main greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere are the most important causes of this type of challenge. But the most important source of gas emissions is fossil fuels like gasoline, diesel and oil, which are used to generate energy in urban areas. This research is applied and analytical in nature. The current research statistical community is the entire city of bostanabad. The study used written documents and statistical data taken from the Statistical Yearbook of the East Azerbaijan province and the energy petroleum products statistics of the entire country for the year 1399-1398. Taking into account the importance of the subject in this study, we have tried to evaluate the volume of carbon dioxide gas by using the IPPC method first. So first, the annual fuel consumption and the amount of dioxide gas produced, and then the ecological footprint of this type of gas is calculated. So that a good estimate of the amount of carbon dioxide gas produced from the fossil fuels of the city of bostanabad and the ecological footprint resulting from it is done. The results of the evaluation and calculation indicate that since the city is located on the transit road and has a high traffic rate, and also given that in recent years, driving jobs, especially heavy cars, have increased in the city, as a result, a significant part of the fuel consumption of cars and trucks is carried out in the city, which has increased the amount of ecological footprint and pollution caused by transportation. In other words, during the day, the number of passengers to this area, whether in terms of work, education, circulation, etc., has increased the fuel consumption of gas stations in the city, which is impossible to assess. Therefore, the study was conducted using statistics and authoritative documents related to the city of bostanabad and related computational methods, during which it was concluded that the ecological footprint of CO2 gas produced from fossil fuels especially gas oil(diesel), has been increasing over the years. That is, the use of fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel in the city of bostanabad has increased due to the location of the city on the transit route, especially during the years 1399-1398, and the volume of carbon dioxide emitted from gasoline and diesel fuels in 1398 was equivalent to 1434181 and 3672921 tons respectively, and in 1399 it was equal to 1137533 and 4248367 tons. Also, during the results the ecological footprint of this type of fuel during the years mentioned was 5331 and 7/5534 hectares, respectively. However, the area of green space in the city was about 20/67 hectares in 1398 according to the Statistical Yearbook and 1096 hectares in 1399. In addition, the per capita biological footprint of fossil fuel consumption for each citizen of the city of bostanabad in the years 1399-1398 was equal to 92 and 89 square meters of green space respectively. And this is despite the fact that the green space of the city of bostanabad in 1398 was about 20/68 hectares and per capita of each citizen 61/6 square meters(Statistical Yearbook of the East Azerbaijan province, 1398). Also in 1399, the green space of the city studied was 180 hectares and per capita each citizen was 14/17 square meters(Statistical Yearbook of the East Azerbaijan province, 1399). Taking into account the calculations made in this regard, if we base the year 1399. In addition, the per capita biological footprint of fossil fuel consumption for each citizen of the city of bostanabad in the years 1399-1398 was equal to 92 and 89 square meters of green space respectively. And this is despite the fact that the green space of the city of bostanabad in 1398 was about 20/68 hectares and per capita each citizen was 61/6 square meters. Also in 1399, the green space of the city studied was 180 hectares and per capita each citizen was 14/17 square meters. Taking into account the calculations made in this regard, if we base the year 1399, in addition to the available green space, each citizen of the city of bostanabad has 29.61 square meters of additional green space to absorb the effects of carbon dioxide greenhouse gas. To deal with such a crisis, the municipality is obliged to provide control solutions in the field, to deal with the environmental crisis, to develop and protect the green space of the city, which in the end, according to the results of the calculations, the amount of ecological footprint of the city was greater than its biological capacity, and to prevent and reduce this, the municipality of bostanabad should focus more on implementing appropriate policy for the development and protection of urban green space.