The effect of using salicylic acid, antifreeze and soybean oil on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and organic osmolytes of sweet cherry " Siahe Takdane Mashhad" flower under cold stress conditions

In order to investigate the effect of using salicylic acid, antifreeze and soybean oil, on the cold resistance of the flower of the sweet cherry tree cultivar "Siah Tak Daneh Mashhad", a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 factors (salicylic acid: zero, 1.5 and 3 mM), (natural antifreeze: zero, 2.5 and 5 per 1000) and (soybean oil: zero, 2.5 and 5 per 1000) and in 4 repetitions was conducted in a commercial garden located in Sarein city in 2018 and 2019. The results of the variance analysis of the data showed that the three-way effects of factors on proline are significant at the 5% probability level and on soluble carbohydrates and protein at the 1% probability level. The highest amount of proline (70.85% compared to the control) was observed in the treatment of salicylic acid foliar spraying 3 mM along with soybean oil (5/1000) and Thiofer antifreeze (5/1000 foliar treatment). The bilateral effects of salicylic acid and soybean oil on glycine betaine were different at the 1% probability level and on the activity of the catalase enzyme at the 5% probability level. The highest accumulation of glycine betaine (27.27% compared to the control) and also the highest activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (36.84% compared to the control) in salicylic acid (1.5 mM) foliar treatment with soybean oil (5 in 1000) were obtained. According to the observations of this research, it can be concluded that the use of salicylic acid foliar treatment (3 mM) along with soybean oil (5/1000) and 5/1000 foliar treatment of Thiofer natural antifreeze in flower buds. It is a suitable solution to increase the cold resistance indices of cherries against cold stress.