Seismic Behavior of Integral Bridges Considering the effect of Soil-Structure Interaction and Span Length

This study delves into seismic design nuances of a three-span bridge, particularly focusing on the often neglected vertical earthquake forces in concrete bridge codes. Investigating disparities in deck length and the intricacies of soil-structure interaction (SSI), it evaluates their influence on variations in longitudinal displacement. By analyzing three distinct near-field ground motions, substantial shifts exceeding 50% in column axial demands are observed, subsequently affecting pier demands and mid-deck moments. To address these findings, coefficients are proposed to effectively incorporate vertical seismic forces into bridge design, thereby enhancing structural safety and integrity. This research underscores the critical importance of seismic considerations in optimizing bridge engineering practices. Through a comprehensive examination of bridge responses to seismic forces, it aims to bolster structural resilience and safety in critical infrastructure investments. By scrutinizing seismic intricacies in bridge design and construction, this study emphasizes the imperative role of understanding seismic dynamics to ensure robustness against seismic events, ultimately contributing to the advancement of bridge engineering standards and practices.