Comparison of quantity and quality of Phlomis olivieri essential oil in Kelardasht and Baladeh habitats, Mazandaran Province

One of the medicinal plants in resort areas of Mazandaran province is Phlomis olivieri which is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. This study was investigated the essential oil compounds of Phlomis olivieri aerial parts in Baladeh (Noor) and Kelardasht and also investigating the effect of soil physical and chemical properties on quantitiy and quality of essential oil. Eerial parts of plants were collected and essential oil was extracted with Clevenger device and compounds were identified with GC and GC/MS. Soil samples were randomly picked and were transfered to soil science laberatory to determine physical and chemical properties. The results showed that in Baladeh region, 27 compounds were identified which comprise 92.04 percent of total essential oil volume. At Kelardasht site, 26 compounds were identified which comprise 97.43 percent of total essential oil volume. The highest compounds in both regions were: Alpha- pinene, Beta-Caryophyllene, (E)-Beta-Farnesence, Germacrene- D, Germacrene– B and Beta-Eudesmol. Average essential oil efficiency in Baladeh and Kelardasht sites were 0.35 and 0.75, respectively which the highest essential oil amount was achieved in Kelardasht region. There was positive correlation between essential oil yield and saturation percentage and soil absorbable nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium explaining that with increasing these elements, essential oil yield was increased. Also, positive and significant correlation was observed between essential oil yield and organic carbon and matter percent at probability of 5 percent. Negative and significant correlation was found between essential oil efficiency and pH at probability of 1 percent which means that the lower essential oil with increment in this factor. Due to the Kelardasht has a higher yield of essential oil and also the percentage of essential oil compounds than Baladeh, the use of Phlomis olivieri is recommended in Kelardasht for cultivation and also for more production of these compounds.