Investigating the influence of Greek philosophy on Western physicians of Islamic civilization regarding spirit and soul (2 to 6 AH Century)

Humans are the central subject in history and have made history and civilization. Although both humans and animals have the power of imagination, the power of human imagination is armed with the power of thinking, and a human is a creature whose talents and powers are perfected only in collective life. The primary purpose of this research is to explain and compare the definition of the human being from the viewpoint of Western physicians of Islamic civilization. Other purposes include investigating Greek philosophy's influence on Islamic civilization physicians' viewpoints in their definition of human. In this study, the documentary and library method has been used to examine books and articles. Based on the findings of this study, physicians considered man to be composed of body and soul and always believed in the influence and connection of soul and body to each other. Physicians thought that the rational soul is the critical distinguishable factor between animals and humans as the chosen creatures of God. Physicians of Western Islamic civilization, including Ibn Rushed, were more strongly influenced by Aristotle.