The Impact of World War II on Political Development in Iran and Turkey

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of World War II on political development in Iran and Turkey. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the findings indicate that, despite the numerous similarities in the political modernization processes of Iran and Turkey following World War I, it was expected that the political modernization paths of the two countries would proceed similarly, leading to comparable outcomes. After World War I, an authoritarian regime emerged in Iran, while a republican regime was established in Turkey. Although Western-style modernization in various fields was carried out similarly in both countries, after World War II, democracy in Turkey evolved, while authoritarianism persisted in Iran. World War II led to the occupation of Iran, the loss of its independence and national sovereignty, insecurity, chaos, and subsequent efforts to divide the country. This war halted the modernization process in Iran and intensified security concerns, even after the war ended. In contrast, Turkey was spared the disastrous consequences of World War II and, guided by aspirations such as Westernization and membership in the European Union, gradually achieved greater political development. Overall, World War II caused Iran to focus more on security issues while Turkey pursued political development.