Optimum Placement of Electric Vehicle Battery Replacement Stations for Energy Management of Distribution Networks in the Presence of Renewable Energy Sources

Due to the growth of technology and changes in government policies to reduce fossil fuel consumption, the tendency to use electric vehicles by private enterprises and public transportation (including taxis and buses), and vehicles providing public services (such as ambulances and police cars) has increased. Since these cars need to charge their batteries, a new electrical load is imposed on the network. Therefore, according to their increasing growth, various network issues including energy management need to be studied and investigated. On the other hand, the government's policy favours the use of renewable resources such as wind turbine farms and solar cells. Wind turbines have been located in pre-studied locations and photovoltaic cells are used on residential and commercial roofs with underutilized generation capacity. These sources can compensate for the power required by electric vehicles. In the present research, the impact of different electric vehicle charging methods and the random nature of power generation by wind turbines and photovoltaic cells were studied in a 33-bus distribution system, and energy management was carried out. For this purpose, a new method was proposed and the energy management problem was performed by the Harmony algorithm.  Finally, the obtained results from the simulation studies indicated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.