Preparation and evaluation of hair growth promoting effect of transferosomes containing red clover extract and caffeine alone or in combination

Trifolium pratense L. (Red clover) belongs to the Leguminosae family. This study was designed to develop transferosome formulations containing red clover extract or caffeine alone or in combination and evaluate their effects on hair growth in mice.

Thin-lipid film hydration technique was used to make transferosomes. Six groups (n=6) of male Swiss mice (28-32 g) were used. One group was normal control. The second group received transferosome without drug. Groups 3 to 5 received 100 µl of transferosomes containing red clover extract (1%) or caffeine (0.002%) alone or in combination. The sixth group received minoxidil (2%). Treatments continued six days per week for 3 weeks and each week, the hair growth scores were recorded. At the end, sections of the skin were prepared for determining the percent of follicles in the anagen phase.

Encapsulation efficiency was 84.3, 81.6 and 89.1% for red clover, caffeine and red clover+caffeine transferosomes respectively. After 24 hr, the cumulative release of red clover and caffeine formulations was 77.6 and 76.9%, respectively. Treatments produced no significant change in hair growth after two weeks but at the end of the third week, all treatments significantly increased the hair growth and the effects were comparable with minoxidil. The combination of red clover and caffeine was not more effective than either alone.

Transferosome formulations of caffeine and red clover alone demonstrated hair growth effect but their combination had no additive effect which might be due to a physicochemical or pharmacodynamic interaction.