Investigation of pesticides residues in grapes and grape juice in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

 Assessing the status of pesticide residues in agricultural products is crucial for ensuring public health. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of pesticide residues in grapes and grape juice in Iran from 2000 to October 2022.

 Relevant studies were selected from 2000 to 2022 using Persian and English keywords in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, After reviewing 396 studies, 11 were selected. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used for meta-analysis. Due to the heterogeneity of the study data, a random effects model was employed. Ethical considerations were adhered to throughout the study.

 Results indicated that the mean concentrations of diazinon, ethion, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and oxydemeton methyl in grapes were 3, 4.4, 3.4, 2.5, and 518.5 times the maximum residue limit (MRL) for grapes, respectively. The mean concentrations of other pesticides were below their MRLs in grapes. For grape juice, the mean concentrations of all pesticides were below their MRLs.

 Considering that the mean concentration of five pesticides in grapes exceeded the permissible limits, it is recommended to take measures such as improving pesticide spraying methods and adhering to pre-harvest intervals to reduce pesticide residues and ensure the quality of grapes and its derivatives.