The Visual Attributes in Ilkhanid Coinage Inscription from the Malek Museum*

The utilizing of script elements with textual inscriptions on artifacts, particularly coins, has played a pivotal role in shaping diverse lines and an array of writing styles and letter forms throughout history. This study, grounded in descriptive and exploratory methodologies, seeks to meticulously analyze and scrutinize the visual attributes of coin inscriptions from the Ilkhanid period, which are housed in the prestigious Malek Museum. These artifacts, carefully selected from a vast repository of over 400 specimens, stand out due to their distinctive line features, captivating the attention of scholars and enthusiasts alike with their visual allure and historical significance. Central to the examination of these coins is the prevalent use of Arabic/Persian in Kufic script, often accompanied by phrases in the Mongolian language, occasionally influenced by the Naskh script. Thus, the primary objective of this research is to identify and elucidate various script styles and the unique characteristics of different Kufic lines employed on coins during the Ilkhanid period. Through meticulous analysis, this study uncovers a remarkable diversity among samples of Kufic lines, each exhibiting its own nuances and artistic expressions. Despite sharing commonalities, these lines showcase significant flexibility, offering a rich tapestry for artistic exploration and innovation in letter design. The unique breadth and variety of lines used on the coins of this era is such that each of them visually has significant similarities and differences with each other. The differences are clearly visible both in detail and in general outline. The lines are intermingled with all kinds of geometrical, plants, leaves, flowers and Arabesque motifs, and also some letters end in a decorative shape. Many decorative tendencies that can be seen in the types of kufic scripts have given them a distinctive style. Beyond the immediate scope of this research, its broader aim is to contribute to the enrichment and diversification of contemporary letters and writing practices. By shedding light on the intricate details and historical context of coin inscriptions from the Ilkhanid period, this study lays a foundation for further investigations into the evolution of script and calligraphic traditions. Moreover, it underscores the significance of artifacts housed in institutions like the Malek Museum as invaluable resources for understanding and preserving cultural heritage. In conclusion, this research serves as a testament to the enduring legacy of script elements on artifacts, particularly coins, and their role in shaping diverse writing styles and letter forms. Through meticulous analysis and exploration, it not only enriches our understanding of historical artifacts but also provides a platform for the exploration of innovative perspectives in letter design. Therefore, taking advantage of the diversity of writing and investigating the unlimited visual capabilities of these lines and focusing on their structural features; can help us to achieve different tones in contemporary writing. Ultimately, it is hoped that this study will inspire further inquiry and appreciation for the richness and diversity of script traditions across different cultures and epochs.