Energy Management in Microgrids Using Compensators, Energy Storage Systems, Demand Response, and Integration of Renewable Energies

This article examines the challenges of energy management in microgrids, considering the uncertainties associated with renewable energy sources, dynamic demand, and the presence of various devices such as batteries, distributed generation sources, and electric vehicles. The article introduces a complex optimization model designed for microgrid operations. This model focuses on mitigating the challenges of integrating power electronic generation units, managing demand within microgrids, and incorporating small-scale renewable energy sources. The goal of this model is to minimize various costs associated with energy losses, electricity purchases, load reduction, distributed generation operations, and battery costs over a 24-hour period. Simulations conducted on a test system demonstrate that the proposed model is effective, achieving up to a 20% reduction in microgrid operational costs. This approach provides an effective framework for enhancing the flexibility and efficiency of microgrid energy management, and the findings indicate that it outperforms comparative methods by a margin of at least 8%, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving critical indices in the microgrid system.