A Survey of Effectiveness of Filters lacking Vacuum Pump and Membrane Filters on The Detection of Cysts, Oocytes and Parasites

Water is the most common material in use so its quality plays an important role in the health of people. Water is contaminated easily and it may carry several contaminants and germs in it. It is necessary to make sure that drinking water is not contaminated (particularly with biological contaminants). Biological indices such as Coliform and the MPN test have been designed to assess the quality of water. In routine biological quality control procedures of water parasite rates, quality control has been neglected due to a need for complex devices that is required for water filtration in huge volumes (approximately 400 liters). This was a Quasi-Experimental study to assess the efficacy of Vacuum pump less filters and membrane filters in removal of cysts, oocytes and parasites. Data was collected by observation and experimental tests. We designed a simple device for water filtration without a vacuum pump, and then we added a certain amount of giardia cysts (3 samples containing 3000000,30000 and 300 cysts in 50 liters of water) to a certain amount of water. The water was filtrated and the efficacy of the system was determined. In the second stage, water sampling was performed by means of the designed device. We took 12 samples from the city water (7 samples from water sources and 5 samples from distribution networks) and 2 samples from 2 points in a refinery plant (entering raw water and refined outgoing water). a total of 400 liters of water was collected for testing. This survey showed that the designed device was effective in removing giardia cysts up to 75%, 66% and 59% for 3000000, 30000 and 300 cysts respectively. According to the findings of this study all samples of water from different parts of city showed no parasictic contamination. only the entering raw water of the refinery plant contained a number of larvae, 4 giardia cysts and 2 Entamoeba coli cysts. The designed device showed to be effective in removing cysts and parasites from water, so it is suitable for use because it is a simple and cheap device. Water in the distribution network is relatively safe and it is much less likely for contaminated waters to enter the distribution system. Refinery plant's efficacy is high and all stages of decontamination are performed well. contamination of entering raw water by biological factors in the apper parts of the dam is due to agricultural and human sewage contamination.