Iraniean Madernism and Modernity in Constitutional Era

The problm of Irans backwardness preoccupied the minds of intellectuals and political forces. Since Irans failure from Russia while different domestic and external factors caused to defeat, different and even contending views concerning Irans backwardness played a key role in these failures. These diverse and contending views which arised at first in compilation of laws and establishment of civic and political institutions, after the constitutional revolution, caused a major challenge between tradition and modernity. In this regard, different intellectual trends which appeared immediately after the constitutional revolution and kept their structure till present, can be categorized in three items including: consisting liberal democracy, social democracy and Marxism. This article examines these categories and explains their response to the issue of modernity and backwardness.